By INTRODUCTION
Conjunctivitis, commonly known as pink eye, is an inflammation of the conjunctiva, the thin transparent membrane that covers the white part of the eye and the inner surface of the eyelids. It is a very common eye condition and may be infectious or non-infectious. Early identification and proper management help prevent complications and spread.
CONJUNCTIVITIS CAUSES
The causes of conjunctivitis can be broadly classified as follows:
Viral conjunctivitis is most commonly caused by adenoviruses and is highly contagious.
Bacterial conjunctivitis is caused by organisms such as Staphylococcus, Streptococcus, and Haemophilus species.
Allergic conjunctivitis occurs due to hypersensitivity reactions to allergens like dust, pollen, and animal dander.
Irritative conjunctivitis results from exposure to smoke, chemicals, or environmental pollutants.
CONJUNCTIVITIS SYMPTOMS
common symptoms of conjunctivitis include:
Redness of the eye.
Watering or discharge from the eye
Foreign body sensation
Itching, especially in allergic cases
Sticky eyelids, particularly after waking
Photophobia in some patients
TYPES OF CONJUNCTIVITIS
Viral conjunctivitis presents with watery discharge and often spreads from one eye to the other.
Bacterial conjunctivitis is characterized by mucopurulent discharge and sticking of eyelids.
Allergic conjunctivitis presents with intense itching, redness, and usually affects both eyes.
Diagnosis of Conjunctivitis
Diagnosis is mainly clinical and based on patient history and eye examination. The type of discharge, associated symptoms, and onset help differentiate the cause. Laboratory tests are rarely required but may be useful in severe or recurrent cases.
CONJUNCTIVITIS TREATMENT
Treatment depends on the underlying cause:
Viral conjunctivitis is usually self-limiting and managed with lubricating eye drops and cold compress.
Bacterial conjunctivitis requires topical antibiotic eye drops or ointments.
Allergic conjunctivitis is treated with antihistamines and avoidance of allergens.
Maintaining proper eye hygiene is essential in all types.
COMPLICATIONS
Keratitis
Corneal involvement
Temporary visual disturbance
PREVENTION OF CONJUNCTIVITIS
Frequent hand washing
Avoid touching or rubbing the eyes
Do not share towels, pillows, or cosmetics
Maintain personal hygiene
CONCLUSION
Conjunctivitis is a common ocular condition that can be effectively managed with early diagnosis and appropriate treatment. Understanding its causes and symptoms helps in timely care and prevention of complications. Proper hygiene plays a key role in reducing its spread.